PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.